【微分積分】4-8-3 ラプラス変換と常微分方程式|問題集
1.次の微分方程式の解\(y=y(t)\)求めなさい。
(1)\(\displaystyle y''-5y'+6y=t,y(0)=y'(0)=1\)
\(Y(s)=\mathfrak{L}[y(t)](s)\)とおく。微分方程式の両辺のラプラス変換をとると、
\(\displaystyle (s^2-5s+6)Y-s+4=\frac{1}{s^2}\)
\(Y\)について解くと
\(\displaystyle Y=\frac{s-4}{(s-2)(s-3)}+\frac{1}{s^2(s-2)(s-3)}\)
\(\displaystyle =\frac{\frac{7}{4}}{s-2}-\frac{\frac{8}{9}}{s-3}+\frac{\frac{1}{6}}{s^2}+\frac{\frac{5}{36}}{s}\)
ラプラス逆変換をとると、
\(y=\mathfrak{L}^{-1}[Y(s)]\)
\(\displaystyle =\frac{7}{4}e^{2t}-\frac{8}{9}e^{3t}+\frac{t}{6}+\frac{5}{36}\)
\(\displaystyle (s^2-5s+6)Y-s+4=\frac{1}{s^2}\)
\(Y\)について解くと
\(\displaystyle Y=\frac{s-4}{(s-2)(s-3)}+\frac{1}{s^2(s-2)(s-3)}\)
\(\displaystyle =\frac{\frac{7}{4}}{s-2}-\frac{\frac{8}{9}}{s-3}+\frac{\frac{1}{6}}{s^2}+\frac{\frac{5}{36}}{s}\)
ラプラス逆変換をとると、
\(y=\mathfrak{L}^{-1}[Y(s)]\)
\(\displaystyle =\frac{7}{4}e^{2t}-\frac{8}{9}e^{3t}+\frac{t}{6}+\frac{5}{36}\)
(2)\(\displaystyle y''-5y'+6y=\sin t,y(0)=y'(0)=1\)
\(Y(s)=\mathfrak{L}[y(t)](s)\)とおく。微分方程式の両辺のラプラス変換をとると、
\(\displaystyle (s^2-5s+6)Y-s+4=\frac{1}{s^2+1}\)
\(Y\)について解くと
\(\displaystyle Y=\frac{s-4}{(s-2)(s-3)}+\frac{1}{(s-2)(s-3)(s^2+1)}\)
\(\displaystyle =\frac{\frac{9}{5}}{s-2}-\frac{\frac{9}{10}}{s-3}+\frac{\frac{1}{10}}{s^2+1}+\frac{\frac{1}{10}s}{s^2+1}\)
ラプラス逆変換をとると、
\(y=\mathfrak{L}^{-1}[Y(s)]\)
\(\displaystyle =\frac{9}{5}e^{2t}-\frac{9}{10}e^{3t}+\frac{1}{10}\sin t+\frac{1}{10}\cos t\)
\(\displaystyle (s^2-5s+6)Y-s+4=\frac{1}{s^2+1}\)
\(Y\)について解くと
\(\displaystyle Y=\frac{s-4}{(s-2)(s-3)}+\frac{1}{(s-2)(s-3)(s^2+1)}\)
\(\displaystyle =\frac{\frac{9}{5}}{s-2}-\frac{\frac{9}{10}}{s-3}+\frac{\frac{1}{10}}{s^2+1}+\frac{\frac{1}{10}s}{s^2+1}\)
ラプラス逆変換をとると、
\(y=\mathfrak{L}^{-1}[Y(s)]\)
\(\displaystyle =\frac{9}{5}e^{2t}-\frac{9}{10}e^{3t}+\frac{1}{10}\sin t+\frac{1}{10}\cos t\)
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